《暢通暢業(yè)常識科普系列》文集，寫于 2020 年 05 月 02 日
依據(jù)維基百科[1],
A trailing suction hopper dredger is a ship that has a full sailing capacity used to maintain navigable waterways, deepening the maritime canals that are threatened to become silted, to construct new land elsewhere or to replace sand eroded by storms or wave action on the beaches. This is made possible by large powerful pumps and engines able to suck sand, clay, silt and gravel.
一耙吸挖泥船是一個具備自航能耐的船舶，其每一每一用來連結(jié)一個通航能耐的航道，深入被淤塞劫持的海運運河，填海造陸或者替換沙灘上被風暴侵蝕或者海浪的砂石。大功率的暢通泵以及倡導機給予耙吸挖船排匯沙子，粘土，淤泥以及礫石的能耐——即某種意思上的飛砂走石的能耐。
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Operation
Properties
公司一貫將質(zhì)量作為企業(yè)的生命，在生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動中，努力提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。堅持“科技創(chuàng)新、誠信服務、持續(xù)發(fā)展、知名品牌”的經(jīng)營理念，建立了嚴格的管理制度，是企業(yè)在激烈的市場競爭中穩(wěn)步的前進發(fā)展，為客戶提供******的產(chǎn)品和滿意的服務。公司主營：耙料機、耙砂機、刮板取料機、堆取料機、裝船機、卸船機、門座起重機、集裝箱起重機、液壓翻板、干霧抑塵等產(chǎn)品。
A trailing suction hopper dredger is self-loading/unloading and sometimes equipped with a pressurized discharging system.
施工歷程
屬性
耙吸式挖泥船是自裝載/自卸載的，無心還會配置裝備部署加壓排放裝置。
Loading
From the side of the ship one or two suction pipes descend to the bottom of the seabed. On the end of the pipe a so-called trailing drag head is connected. This head is comparable to a large vacuum cleaner and is trailed along the seabed. In the head there are nozzles connected to a high pressure water installation that are capable of loosening the material on the seabed. Due to lower pressure in the pipe, the material will be sucked inward and discharged in the hopper.
The vessel should always have a positive speed over the ground. It is possible to regulate the density of the sucked substance. If the head is lowered, more material will be sucked but this risks damaging the installation because the material can get stuck inside the pipes. Once the mixture is loaded inside the hopper, the substance will sink and the water is discharged overboard, saving on storage space. A trailing suction hopper dredger can only suck relatively loose substance because the steel teeth are not so big. Harder substances such as rock or ironbased rock must be destroyed by a cutter.
裝載歷程
一或者兩個吸管，稱為耙臂，從船的側(cè)面著落到海床的底部。在管道的***后銜接了一個所謂的拖曳拖頭，稱為耙頭。該拖頭可與大型真空吸塵器拖頭媲美，并沿海床拖曳。拖頭部內(nèi)側(cè)，有銜接到低壓水裝置的噴嘴，這些噴嘴可能渙散海床上的物資。因為管道中的壓力較低，物料將被向管路內(nèi)吸入并排入泥艙。
船只在地面上應始終具備正向速率，即向前行動?？赡苷{(diào)節(jié)吸入水下物資的密度。假如著落機頭，將會排匯更多的資料，但這有破損配置裝備部署的危害，因為水下物資可能會卡在管道內(nèi)。一旦攪渾物被裝入泥艙內(nèi)，物資將沉底，過剩的水（經(jīng)由溢流裝置）排放到舷外，從而節(jié)約了存儲空間。耙吸式挖泥船只能羅致相對于松散的物資，因為鋼齒不是很大。安定的物資，比喻巖石或者鐵基巖石，必須用絞刀（裝備在絞吸船上）切削。
備注：事實上，耙頭，叫做耙掌更好——手臂的端部是手掌，耙臂的端部盡管是耙（手）掌；耙頭上的耙齒，叫做耙指更好。耙手，諧音扒手，大人造的搬運工，也不是不可以。
Discharging
There are several ways to discharge a TSHD. The most co妹妹on way is dumping the material.
- Dumping——This is done by simply opening the doors that close the hopper. Once opened the substance will simply drop to the seabed because of gravity. The hopper will never be completely empty because there will always be some residue and water left inside.
- Pressing——High-pressure pumps will pump water inside the hopper to loosen or even liquefy the substance, which can then be pumped via long hoses over great distances (f.i. ashore)
- Rainbowing——This is the same principle as pressing, but instead of transporting the substance it will simply be blown away. This is often used to create land.
- Crane——It is always possible to discharge the load with a crane, but this will be a time-consuming process.
排放歷程
- 傾卸——只需打開關閉泥艙的門即可。一旦打開，該物質(zhì)將僅因重力而掉落到海底。泥艙幾乎不會被******清空，因為泥艙（其為工程制品，存在犄角旮旯）總會有一些殘留物和水。
- （船）艏吹（岸），加壓化——高壓泵將往泥艙內(nèi)泵送水以使物質(zhì)稀釋、軟化甚至液化，然后可以通過長軟管將其泵輸送很長的距離（到岸上）。
- （船）艏噴（岸），彩虹化——這與加壓化原理相同，但是代替（管路）輸送物質(zhì)，它只會被吹走。這通常用于填海造陸工程。
- 吊裝——總是可以用起重機來卸荷，但這將是一個耗時的過程。
備注：從空間角度來看，傾卸——水下，艏吹——水面、陸路，艏噴——地面。暢通公司的同仁們特意興致這個彩虹化，特意有感應，彷佛前線腺暢通了——倡導泌尿科掛花虹化圖片，提振定奪。
Equipment
A trailing suction hopper dredger is equipped with the following equipment:
- One, or more, rearward extendingsuction pipes
- One or more,Dredging pumps to create an under pressure in order to suck the substance into the hopper
- Transportation tubes to transport the substance from the pipes to the hopper
- Anoverflowto discharge the redundant water overboard
- Degassing installationto extract any possible gas from the substance in order to reduce damage and increase fluency
配置裝備部署|機具
耙吸式挖泥船艱深配置裝備部署如下裝置：
- 一個，或者多個，吸泥管，向船尾延伸
- 一個，或者多個，疏浚泵，能夠制造負壓環(huán)境，用于將水下物質(zhì)吸入泥艙
- 多組，輸送管路，能夠?qū)⑺挛镔|(zhì)從吸泥管轉(zhuǎn)移到泥艙
- 一組，溢流裝置，能夠向船外排出（泥艙內(nèi)）多余的水分
- 一組，脫氣裝置，能夠從物質(zhì)中排出任何可能的氣體，以減少（泥泵的）損壞并提高（泥泵的）流通量
備注：一具，概況兩具，海浪抵償器，具體的數(shù)目依耙臂的數(shù)目決定，連結(jié)耙管在風浪流以及河海創(chuàng)筆直的狀態(tài)下始終貼緊泥面。
Functions
A dredging vessel and particularly a TSHD is mostly used for
- Maintaining the depth of a harbor, canal or waterway.
- Constant delivery of sand for land reclamation or beach nourishment.
功能：
暢通船舶，特意是耙吸式挖泥船個別用作：
- 維持港口、運河或航道的深度，即實現(xiàn)維護性疏浚功能
- 為土地開墾或海灘固堤不斷輸送沙土，即執(zhí)行基建性疏浚功能
耙吸施工：一次次泥沙的大遷徙
耙吸施工，相似于在冰激凌桶里挖冰激凌球，在勺子平移的歷程，冰激凌球越來越大，而后裝載在碗內(nèi)，實現(xiàn)從冰激凌從一個桶里向碗里的位移。
開個玩笑的話，便是沙子，快到碗里來。
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